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THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR MAINTENANCE PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS
NJ88C30 IS FOR MAINTENANCE PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS
NJ88C30
DS3281-1.1
NJ88C30
VHF SYNTHESISER
The NJ88C30 contains all the logic needed for a VHF PLL synthesiser and is fabricated on the GPS high performance, small geometry CMOS process. The circuit contains a reference oscillator and divider, a two-modulus prescaler and 4-bit control register, a 12-bit programmable divider, a phase comparator and the necessary data input and control logic.
GROUND DATA TRANSFER CLOCK DATA CRYSTAL MON CRYSTAL IN CRYSTAL OUT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14 13 12
COMP FREQ
f UP f DN
LD VCO P DIV OUT VDD
FEATURES s Low Power CMOS
NJ88C30
11 10
s s s s
Easy to Use Low Cost Single Chip Synthesiser to VHF Lock Detect Output
9 8
DP14, MP14 APPLICATIONS
s Mobile Radios s Hand Held Portable Radios s Sonobuoys
ORDERING INFORMATION
NJ88C30 KA DP Plastic DIL Package NJ88C30 KA MP Miniature Plastic DIL Package
Fig.1 Pin connections - top view
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply voltage, VDD Voltage on any pin Operating temperature Storage temperature
CRYSTAL MON VDD 8 14 0V REFERENCE DIVIDER 4 1, 5, 10, 20, 2, 4, 8 OR 16 VDD 13 COMP FREQ
20*3V to 6V 20*3V to VDD10*3V 230C to 170C 255C to 1125C
CRYSTAL OUT
7
5
0V 6 CRYSTAL IN 10 4 100
VCO
4 15/16
REF SELECT (DR2-DR0)
12 PHASE COMP 0V 11
f UP f DN
LOCK DETECT (LD)
4-BIT COUNTER
12-BIT PROG DIVIDER
0V 9 0V P DIV OUT
4-BIT REGISTER DATA TRANSFER DATA CLOCK 2 4 3
12-BIT REGISTER
3-BIT REGISTER
19-BIT SHIFT REGISTER 1 GROUND
Fig.2 Block diagram
NJ88C30
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions (unless otherwise stated): TAMB = -30C to +70C, VDD = 5V 0*5V Characteristic Supply current Crystal Oscillator Frequency External input level High level Low level VCO Input Input sensitivity Slew rate Input impedance DATA, DATA TRANSFER and CLOCK Inputs High level Low level Rise, fall time Data set-up time Clock frequency Transfer pulse width CRYSTAL MONITOR Output Current sink COMP FREQ, LD, P DIV Current sink f UP / f DN Current sink Current source Pin Min. 8 Value Typ. 4 Max. 7 mA Units Conditions 1VRMS VCO input at 200MHz and fXTAL = 10MHz Parallel resonant, fundamental crystal AC coupled DC coupled DC coupled At 200MHz, see Fig. 3
6, 7 6 6 6 10 10 10 1 VDD21
10
15
MHz Vrms V V Vrms V/s
1 1 4 5pF// 10k
2, 3, 4 2. 3, 4 2, 3 3, 4 3 2 5 9, 11, 14 12 13
VDD21 1 200 200 2 500 0*8 1*6 0*8 0*8
V V ns ns MHz ns mA mA mA mA
See Fig. 4
VOUT = 0*5V VOUT = 0*5V VOUT = 0*5V VOUT = VDD20*5V
1*6 VCO INPUT AMPLITUDE (V RMS) 1*4 1*2 1*0 0*8 0*6 0*4 0*2 0 TYPICAL GUARANTEED OPERATING AREA *
* Tested as
specified in Table of Electrical Characteristics
0
50
100 150 FREQUENCY (MHz)
200
Fig. 3 Input sensitivity
2
NJ88C30
CLOCK
DATA
DR2
DR1
DR0
DF15
DF1
DF0
DATA SET-UP TIME DATA TRANSFER TRANSFER PULSE WIDTH
Fig. 4 Input data timing diagram
180 20 PHASE (DEGREES) 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M
10 GAIN (dB)
120
0
60
210
0 100k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M
Fig. 5 Gain and phase characteristics of reference oscillator inverter
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Crystal Oscillator and Reference Divider The Reference oscillator consists of a Pierce type oscillator intended for use with a parallel resonant fundamental crystal. Typical gain and phase characteristics for the oscillator inverter are shown in Fig 5. An external reference oscillator may be used by either capacitively coupling a 1V RMS sinewave into CRYSTAL IN (pin 6) or, if CMOS levels are available, by direct connection to CRYSTAL IN. The reference oscillator drives a 4100 prescaler followed by a reference divider to provide a range of comparison frequencies which are selected by decoding the first three bits (DR2, DR1, DR0) of the input data. The possible division ratios and the comparison frequencies (channel spacing) if a 10MHz crystal is used are shown in Table 1. DR2 DR1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 DR0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Total division ratio 1600 800 400 200 2000 1000 500 100 Comparison frequency for 10MHz Ref. Osc. 6*25kHz 12*5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 5kHz 10kHz 20kHz 100kHz To assist in trimming the crystal, an open drain output at one hundredth of the reference oscillator frequency is provided on CRYSTAL MONITOR pin 5 Programmable Divider The programmable divider consists of a 415/16 two modulus prescaler with a 4-bit control register, followed by a 12-bit programmable divider. A 1V RMS sinewave should be capacitively coupled from the VCO to the divider input VCO pin (pin 10). The overall division ratio is selected by a single 16-bit word (DF15 to DF0), loaded through the serial data bus. A lower limit of 240 ensures correct prescaler operation; the upper limit is 65535. The VCO frequency in a locked system will be this division ratio multiplied by the comparison frequency. Phase Comparator The phase comparator consists of a digital type phase comparator with open drain f UP and f DN outputs and an open drain LOCK DETECT (LD) output. Open drain outputs from the reference divider and programmable divider are provided for monitoring purposes or for use with an external phase comparator. Waveforms for all these outputs are shown in Fig.6. The duty cycle of f UP and f DN versus phase difference are shown in Fig. 7. The phase comparator is linear over a 2 range and if the phase gains or slips by more than 2, the phase comparator outputs repeat with a 2 period.
Table 1 Reference divider division ratios
3
NJ88C30
(a) Phase P DIV output leads phase COMP FREQ output
COMP FREQ
P DIV
f UP f DN
LD
(b) Phase P DIV output lags phase COMP FREQ output
COMP FREQ
P DIV
f UP f DN
LD
Fig. 6 Phase comparator waveforms
DUTY CYCLE f UP 100%
0% 22 0 DUTY CYCLE f DN 100% 2 PHASE DIFFERENCE
0% 22 0 2 PHASE DIFFERENCE
Fig. 7 Phase comparator output characteristics
4
NJ88C30
Once the phase difference exceeds 2, the comparator will gain or slip one cycle and then try to lock on to the new zero phase difference. Note that very narrow pulses may be seen on the inactive phase comparator output at the end of the pulse on the active output, as shown in Fig. 6. Data Input and Control Register To control the synthesiser a simple three-line serial input is used with DATA, CLOCK and DATA TRANSFER signals. The data consists of 19 bits; the first three, DR2, DR1 and DR0, control the reference divider while the following sixteen, DF15
LOCK DETECT (LD)
to DF0, control the prescaler and programmable divider. Until the synthesiser receives the DATA TRANSFER pulse, it will use the previously loaded data; on receiving the pulse it will switch rapidly to the new data.
APPLICATIONS
A simplified circuit for a synthesiser intended for VHF broadcast receiver applications is shown in Fig. 8. When the varicap line drive voltage necessary to tune the required band is greater than 5V, some form of level shifter such as the operational amplifier shown in Fig. 8 is required.
1 DATA TRANSFER CLOCK DATA 2 3
14 13 12 R1' 18k R2 10k 22k C1 47n VCO 112V 22k 10n R1 18k
1
112V 10k 10n 22k VARICAP DRIVE 1 -10V
4 NJ88C30 11 5 6 10 9 8
SL562
2
4*5MHz 7 5 - 65p
15V
Fig.8. Typical application
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
1.Maximum Frequency For a channel spacing (comparison frequency, fcomp) of 5kHz when using a 10MHz crystal oscillator, the reference divider ratio will need to be 2000 (seeTable 1) This is programmed as binary 100 (= 4HEX) in the most significant three of the 19 bits (MSB programmed first). DR 2 Binary Hex 1 1 0 0 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 0 0 1 1 1 9 0 8 0 To obtain the maximum VCO frequency of 200MHz the programmable divider ratio would be: 2003106 = 403103 which is 9C40 HEX 53103 The program word would then be as shown in Table 2. DF 7 0 6 1 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0
4 9 C 4 0 Table 2 Maximum VCO frequency programming (fXTAL = 10MHz, fcomp = 5kHz) 240 = F0HEX gives a minimum programmable VCO frequency of 240353103 = 1*2MHz. The program word for this frequency is therefore as shown in Table 3. DF 0 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0
2. Minimum Frequency Using the same crystal frequency and channel spacing (10MHz, 5kHz), the lower limit of programmable divider ratio of DR 2 Binary Hex 1 1 0
4 0 0 F 0 Table 3 MinimumVCO frequency programming (fXTAL = 10MHz, fcomp = 5kHz)
5
NJ88C30
HEADQUARTERS OPERATIONS GEC PLESSEY SEMICONDUCTORS Cheney Manor, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 2QW, United Kingdom. Tel: (0793) 518000 Fax: (0793) 518411 GEC PLESSEY SEMICONDUCTORS P.O. Box 660017 1500 Green Hills Road, Scotts Valley, California 95067-0017, United States of America. Tel: (408) 438 2900 Fax: (408) 438 5576
CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTRES * FRANCE & BENELUX Les Ulis Cedex Tel: (1) 64 46 23 45 Tx: 602858F Fax : (1) 64 46 06 07 * GERMANY Munich Tel: (089) 3609 06-0 Tx: 523980 Fax : (089) 3609 06-55 * ITALY Milan Tel: (02) 66040867 Fax: (02) 66040993 * JAPAN Tokyo Tel: (03) 3296-0281 Fax: (03) 3296-0228 * NORTH AMERICA Integrated Circuits and Microwave Products Scotts Valley, USA Tel (408) 438 2900 Fax: (408) 438 7023. Hybrid Products, Farmingdale, USA Tel (516) 293 8686 Fax: (516) 293 0061. * SOUTH EAST ASIA Singapore Tel: (65) 3827708 Fax: (65) 3828872 * SWEDEN Stockholm, Tel: 46 8 702 97 70 Fax: 46 8 640 47 36 * UNITED KINGDOM & SCANDINAVIA Swindon Tel: (0793) 518510 Tx: 444410 Fax : (0793) 518582 These are supported by Agents and Distributors in major countries world-wide. (c) GEC Plessey Semiconductors 1992 Publication No. DS3281 Issue No. 1.1 May 1992
This publication is issued to provide information only which (unless agreed by the Company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose nor form part of any order or contract nor to be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. No warranty or guarantee express or implied is made regarding the capability, performance or suitability of any product or service. The Company reserves the right to alter without prior knowledge the specification, design or price of any product or service. Information concerning possible methods of use is provided as a guide only and does not constitute any guarantee that such methods of use will be satisfactory in a specific piece of equipment. It is the user's responsibility to fully determine the performance and suitability of any equipment using such information and to ensure that any publication or data used is up to date and has not been superseded. These products are not suitable for use in any medical products whose failure to perform may result in significant injury or death to the user. All products and materials are sold and services provided subject to the Company's conditions of sale, which are available on request.
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